The most consistently identified cause is the participation gap between in-room and remote participants. In-room participants have the social ease of shared physical presence — they can read body language, contribute spontaneously, and engage in the sidebar conversations that shape group decisions. Remote participants have none of these advantages and must rely on the facilitator to actively create participation opportunities for them. The solution is a combination of structured facilitation techniques (round-robin, named contributions, designated moderator) and acoustic infrastructure that makes in-room audio clean enough for remote participants to engage without audio quality friction.